Gadolinium

Latin nameGadolinium
English nameGadolinium
chemical symbolGd
atomic number64
relative atomic mass157,25
period6
groupIII.B
classificationlanthanides
discovery year1880
discovererJean de Marignac
melting point [°C]1313
boiling point [°C]3273
density [g cm-3]7,895
density at melting point [g cm-3]7,4
electronegativity [Pauling]1,2
oxidation statesIII
electron configuration[Xe]4f7 5d1 6s2
atomic radius [pm]233
covalent radius [pm]196
specific heat [J g-1K-1]0,23
heat of fusion [kJ mol-1]10,05
thermal conductivity [W m-1 K-1]11
el. conductivity [S m-1]7,7.105
1. ionizing potential [eV]6,15
2. ionizing potential [eV]12,095
3. ionizing potential [eV]20,635
Vickers hardness [MPa]570
Brinell hardness [MPa]180
shear modulus [GPa]22
Young's modulus [GPa]55
Curie point [K]292
state at normal conditionssolid