Lanthanum
| Latin name | Lanthanium |
| English name | Lanthanum |
| chemical symbol | La |
| atomic number | 57 |
| relative atomic mass | 138,9055 |
| period | 6 |
| group | III.B |
| classification | transition metals |
| discovery year | 1839 |
| discoverer | C. G. Mosander |
| melting point [°C] | 918 |
| boiling point [°C] | 3464 |
| density [g cm-3] | 6,7 |
| density at melting point [g cm-3] | 5,94 |
| electronegativity [Pauling] | 1,1 |
| oxidation states | III |
| electron configuration | [Xe]5d1 6s2 |
| covalent radius [pm] | 169 |
| specific heat [J g-1K-1] | 0,19 |
| heat of fusion [kJ mol-1] | 6,2 |
| thermal conductivity [W m-1 K-1] | 13,4 |
| el. conductivity [S m-1] | 1,9.106 |
| 1. ionizing potential [eV] | 5,577 |
| 2. ionizing potential [eV] | 11,059 |
| 3. ionizing potential [eV] | 19,174 |
| Mohs hardness | 2,5 |
| Vickers hardness [MPa] | 491 |
| Brinell hardness [MPa] | 363 |
| shear modulus [GPa] | 14 |
| Young's modulus [GPa] | 37 |
| point of superconductivity [K] | 4,88 |
| state at normal conditions | solid |
Lanthanum is silvery white, malleable, ductile, and soft metal.
Resources
- BÁNYAIOVÁ, Eva. Chemické indikátory. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Slovenské vyd. tech. lit., 1968.
- BARTHELMY, David. Mineral Species containing Lanthanum. In: Mineralogy Database [online]. 2009-12-31 [cit. 2011-08-22]. Available from: http://webmineral.com/
- CORDIER, Daniel. Rare earths. In: U.S. Geological Survey. Mineral Commodity Summaries [online]. 2012 [cit. 2012-03-11]. Available from: http://minerals.usgs.gov/
- ČINČURA, Jan. Lanthan se osvědčil v terapii hyperfosfatémie. In: Medical tribune [online]. 2008-05-19 [cit. 2012-06-20]. Available from: http://www.tribune.cz/
- GUPTA, Chiranjib, KRISNAMURTHY, Nagaiyar. Extractive metallurgy of rare earths. New York: CRC Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-415-33340-5.
- JURSÍK, František. Anorganická chemie kovů. 1. vyd. Praha: Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická, 2002. ISBN 80-7080-504-8.
- KREMERS, H, C; STEVENS, R, G. Observations on the rare earths. XIV. The preparation and properties of metallic Lanthanum. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1923, 45 (3), s 614-617.
- Lanthan. In: Institut für Seltene Erden und Metalle e.V. [online]. 2012-03-24 [cit. 2012-06-21]. Available from: http://institut-seltene-erden.org/
- PŘIBIL, Rudolf. Komplexometrie. Praha: SNTL, 1977.
- REMY, Heinrich. Anorganická chemie - II. díl. 2. české vydání, dotisk. Praha: SNTL 1972, s. 68-75, 489-510.
- SÖHNEL, Otakar; RICHTER, Miroslav. Průmyslové technologie III. In: Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem, Fakulta životního prostředí, Katedra technických věd [online]. 1999 [cit. 2012-06-26]. ISBN: 80-7044-278-6. Available from: http://fzp.ujep.cz/
- SÝKORA, Václav. Chemickoanalytické tabulky. Praha: SNTL, 1976.
- WALTERS, Abigail; LUSTY, Paul; et al. Rare earth elements. Keyworth, Nottingham: British geological survey, 2011.
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