Ruthenium
| Latin name | Ruthenium |
| English name | Ruthenium |
| chemical symbol | Ru |
| atomic number | 44 |
| relative atomic mass | 101,07 |
| period | 5 |
| group | VIII.B |
| classification | transition metals |
| discovery year | 1844 |
| discoverer | K. K. Klaus |
| melting point [°C] | 2334 |
| boiling point [°C] | 4150 |
| density [g cm-3] | 12,2 |
| density at melting point [g cm-3] | 10,65 |
| electronegativity [Pauling] | 2,2 |
| stand. el. potential [V] | +0,80 |
| oxidation states | II, III, IV, V, VI, VIII |
| electron configuration | [Kr]4d7 5s1 |
| atomic radius [pm] | 178 |
| covalent radius [pm] | 126 |
| specific heat [J g-1K-1] | 0,238 |
| heat of fusion [kJ mol-1] | 24,0 |
| thermal conductivity [W m-1 K-1] | 120 |
| el. conductivity [S m-1] | 1,4.107 |
| 1. ionizing potential [eV] | 7,3605 |
| 2. ionizing potential [eV] | 16,76 |
| 3. ionizing potential [eV] | 28,47 |
| Mohs hardness | 6,5 |
| Brinell hardness [MPa] | 2160 |
| shear modulus [GPa] | 173 |
| Young's modulus [GPa] | 447 |
| point of superconductivity [K] | 0,49 |
| state at normal conditions | solid |
Resources
- BARTHELMY, David. Mineral Species containing Ruthenium. In: Mineralogy database [online]. 2010 [cit. 2012-06-20]. Available from: http://webmineral.com/chem/Chem-Ru.shtml
- GINZBURG, Susanna. Analitičeskaja chimija platinovych metallov. Moskva: Nauka, 1972.
- LIVINGSTONE, Stanley. Chimija rutenija, rodija, palladija, osmija, iridija, platiny. Moskva: Mir, 1978.
- MELLOR, Joseph. Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 15. Londýn: Longmans, Green & Co., 1936.
- STWERTKA, Albert. A Guide to the Elements. Oxford: University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-515027-9.
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