Vanadium
| Latin name | Vanadium |
| English name | Vanadium |
| chemical symbol | V |
| atomic number | 23 |
| relative atomic mass | 50,9415 |
| period | 4 |
| group | V.B |
| classification | transition metals |
| discovery year | 1830 |
| discoverer | N. G. Sefström |
| melting point [°C] | 1890 |
| boiling point [°C] | 3407 |
| density [g cm-3] | 5,98 |
| density at melting point [g cm-3] | 5,5 |
| electronegativity [Pauling] | 1,63 |
| oxidation states | II, III, IV, V |
| electron configuration | [Ar]3d3 4s2 |
| atomic radius [pm] | 171 |
| covalent radius [pm] | 125 |
| specific heat [J g-1K-1] | 0,49 |
| heat of fusion [kJ mol-1] | 20,9 |
| thermal conductivity [W m-1 K-1] | 30,7 |
| el. conductivity [S m-1] | 4.106 |
| 1. ionizing potential [eV] | 6,7463 |
| 2. ionizing potential [eV] | 14,65 |
| 3. ionizing potential [eV] | 29,31 |
| Mohs hardness | 7 |
| Vickers hardness [MPa] | 628 |
| Brinell hardness [MPa] | 628 |
| shear modulus [GPa] | 47 |
| Young's modulus [GPa] | 128 |
| point of superconductivity [K] | 5,4 |
| state at normal conditions | solid |
Resources
- BARTHELMY, David. Mineral Species containing Vanadium. In: Mineralogy Database [online]. 2010 [cit. 2012-07-23]. Available from: http://webmineral.com/.../Chem-V.shtml
- BRÜCKNER, Winfried. Vanadiumoxide - Darstellung, Eigenschaften, Anwendung. Berlín: Akademie-Verlag, 1983.
- ENGELS, Siegfried; NOWAK, Alois. Chemické prvky - Historie a současnost. Praha: SNTL, 1977.
- HARRINGTON, Peter. Transition Metals in Total Synthesis. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1990. ISBN 0-471-61300-2.
- POLYAK, Désirée. Vanadium. In: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Mineral Commodity Summaries [online]. 2013 [cit. 2013-03-03]. Available from: http://minerals.usgs.gov/.../mcs-2013-vanad.pdf
- REMY, Heinrich. Anorganická chemie - II. díl. 2. české vydání, dotisk. Praha: SNTL 1972, s. 117-132
- TICHÝ, Miloň. Toxikologie pro chemiky. 1. vyd. Praha: Karolinum, 1998, ISBN 80-7184-625-2.
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