Zirconium
| Latin name | Zirkonium |
| English name | Zirconium |
| chemical symbol | Zr |
| atomic number | 40 |
| relative atomic mass | 91,224 |
| period | 5 |
| group | IV.B |
| classification | transition metals |
| discovery year | 1789 |
| discoverer | M. H. Klaproth |
| melting point [°C] | 1852 |
| boiling point [°C] | 4377 |
| density [g cm-3] | 6,4 |
| density at melting point [g cm-3] | 5,8 |
| electronegativity [Pauling] | 1,33 |
| oxidation states | II, III, IV |
| electron configuration | [Kr]4d2 5s2 |
| atomic radius [pm] | 206 |
| covalent radius [pm] | 148 |
| specific heat [J g-1K-1] | 0,27 |
| heat of fusion [kJ mol-1] | 16,9 |
| thermal conductivity [W m-1 K-1] | 22,7 |
| el. conductivity [S m-1] | 2,3.106 |
| 1. ionizing potential [eV] | 6,6339 |
| 2. ionizing potential [eV] | 13,13 |
| 3. ionizing potential [eV] | 22,99 |
| Mohs hardness | 5,0 |
| Vickers hardness [MPa] | 903 |
| Brinell hardness [MPa] | 650 |
| shear modulus [GPa] | 33 |
| Young's modulus [GPa] | 68 |
| state at normal conditions | solid |
Resources
- BARTHELMY, David. Mineral Species containing Zirconium. In: Mineralogy Database [online]. 2010 [cit. 2012-04-21]. Available from: http://webmineral.com/
- HANUS, Václav. Jaderná energetika zvyšuje zájem o zirkonium. In: Science World [online]. 2009-04-27 [cit. 2012-06-25]. Available from: http://scienceworld.cz/
- LOFERSKI, Patricia. Zirconium and Hafnium. In: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Mineral Commodity Summaries [online]. 2013 [cit. 2013-03-05]. Available from: http://minerals.usgs.gov/
- ŠEKA, Ivan; KARLYŠEVA, Klavdija. Chimija gafnija. Kijev: Naukova dumka, 1972.
- VYTISKA, Tomáš. Zirkonium jako materiál nezbytný pro jadernou energetiku. In: Pro Atom Web [online]. 2009-01-29 [cit. 2012-06-11]. Available from: http://proatom.luksoft.cz/
- Zirconium: Supplier & Technical Information. In: American Elements [online]. 2009 [cit. 2012-05-12]. Available from: http://www.americanelements.com/
- Zirconium. In: Institut für Seltene Erden und Metalle e.V. [online]. 2012-04-12 [cit. 2012-06-02]. Available from: http://institut-seltene-erden.org/
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