Thallium
| Latin name | Thallium |
| English name | Thallium |
| chemical symbol | Tl |
| atomic number | 81 |
| relative atomic mass | 204,3833 |
| period | 6 |
| group | III.A |
| classification | metals |
| discovery year | 1861 |
| discoverer | W. Crookes |
| melting point [°C] | 303,5 |
| boiling point [°C] | 1457 |
| density [g cm-3] | 11,85 |
| density at melting point [g cm-3] | 11,22 |
| electronegativity [Pauling] | 2,04 |
| oxidation states | I, III |
| electron configuration | [Xe]4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 |
| specific heat [J g-1K-1] | 0,13 |
| heat of fusion [kJ mol-1] | 4,142 |
| thermal conductivity [W m-1 K-1] | 46,1 |
| el. conductivity [S m-1] | 5,6.106 |
| 1. ionizing potential [eV] | 6,1083 |
| 2. ionizing potential [eV] | 20,428 |
| 3. ionizing potential [eV] | 29,829 |
| Mohs hardness | 1,2 |
| shear modulus [GPa] | 2,8 |
| Young's modulus [GPa] | 8 |
| point of superconductivity [K] | 2,39 |
| state at normal conditions | solid |
Thallium is a very soft and malleable metallic element.
Resources
- BARTHELMY, David. Mineral Species containing Thallium. In: Mineralogy database [online]. 2010 [cit. 2012-06-24]. Available from: http://webmineral.com/.../Chem-Tl.shtml
- FEDOROV, Pavel; et al. Chimija gallija, indija i tallija. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1977.
- GUBERMAN, David. Thallium. In: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Mineral Commodity Summaries [online]. 2013 [cit. 2013-02-27]. Available from: http://minerals.usgs.gov/.../mcs-2013-thall.pdf
- HUSTED, Robert; et al. Thallium. In: LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL SECURITY. Los Alamos National Lab [online]. 2011 [cit. 2012-07-15]. Available from: http://periodic.lanl.gov/81.shtml
- JURSÍK, František. Anorganická chemie kovů. Praha: Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická, 2002. ISBN 80-7080-504-8.
- MELLOR, Joseph. Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 5. Londýn: Longmans, Green & Co., 1924.
- REMY, Heinrich. Anorganická chemie - I. díl. 2. české vydání, dotisk. Praha: SNTL 1971.
- STARÝ, Jaromír; SITENSKÝ, Ivo; HODKOVÁ, Tereza. Surovinové zdroje České republiky - Nerostné suroviny 2011. In: Česká geologická služba. Surovinové zdroje v ČR [online]. 2011 [cit. 2012-07-25]. Available from: http://www.geology.cz/.../rocenka2011sur.pdf
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